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анион - translation to Αγγλικά
anion
![[[Hydrogen atom]] (center) contains a single [[proton]] and a single [[electron]]. Removal of the electron gives a cation (left), whereas the addition of an electron gives an anion (right). The hydrogen anion, with its loosely held two-electron cloud, has a larger radius than the neutral atom, which in turn is much larger than the bare proton of the [[cation]]. Hydrogen forms the only charge-+1 cation that has no electrons, but even cations that (unlike hydrogen) retain one or more electrons are still smaller than the neutral atoms or molecules from which they are derived.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ions.svg?width=200 "[[Hydrogen atom]] (center) contains a single [[proton]] and a single [[electron]]. Removal of the electron gives a cation (left), whereas the addition of an electron gives an anion (right). The hydrogen anion, with its loosely held two-electron cloud, has a larger radius than the neutral atom, which in turn is much larger than the bare proton of the [[cation]]. Hydrogen forms the only charge-+1 cation that has no electrons, but even cations that (unlike hydrogen) retain one or more electrons are still smaller than the neutral atoms or molecules from which they are derived.")
![Equivalent notations for an [[iron]] atom (Fe) that lost two electrons, referred to as [[ferrous]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ions notation.svg?width=200 "Equivalent notations for an [[iron]] atom (Fe) that lost two electrons, referred to as [[ferrous]].")
![Mixed Roman numerals and charge notations for the [[uranyl]] ion. The oxidation state of the metal is shown as superscripted Roman numerals, whereas the charge of the entire complex is shown by the angle symbol together with the magnitude and sign of the net charge.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ions notation2.svg?width=200 "Mixed Roman numerals and charge notations for the [[uranyl]] ion. The oxidation state of the metal is shown as superscripted Roman numerals, whereas the charge of the entire complex is shown by the angle symbol together with the magnitude and sign of the net charge.")
![2NO3-}}). The 3-dimensional shell represents a single arbitrary [[isopotential]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nitrate-ion-elpot.png?width=200 "2NO3-}}). The 3-dimensional shell represents a single arbitrary [[isopotential]].")
Ορισμός
Βικιπαίδεια
Анио́н — отрицательно заряженный ион.
Отрицательный заряд обусловлен избытком электронов по сравнению с количеством протонов. Заряд аниона дискретен и выражается в единицах элементарного отрицательного электрического заряда; например, Cl − — однозарядный анион, а остаток серной кислоты SO42− — двузарядный анион. Анионы имеются в растворах большинства солей, кислот и оснований, в газах, например, H+, а также в кристаллических решётках соединений с ионной связью, например, в кристаллах поваренной соли, в ионных жидкостях и в расплавах многих неорганических веществ.
В электрическом поле анионы, будучи заряженными отрицательно, перемещаются к положительному электроду — аноду.
